How Luadan Is Built

Luadan is Subject–Object–Verb. Modifiers precede what they modify. An evidence particle closes every declarative clause, stating how the speaker knows the claim. kalmvar · brygg · kalmed-en · þar (engineer · bridge · build-PAST · witnessed) “The engineer built the bridge; I saw it.”

Nouns are unmarked for gender. Number is shown by suffix, and role by a short case ending attached after number. Any root may be nominalised with -un.

One regular conjugation with no irregular verbs. The stem never changes; tense, aspect and mood stack in a fixed order: STEM–TENSE–ASPECT–MOOD.

Luadan distinguishes an exclusive 'we' (my group, not you) from an inclusive 'we' (you and I), and marks respect by lengthening rather than by a separate word.

A question replaces the evidence particle with -ke and raises the final syllable. Negation is a prefix ne- on the verb, never a separate word, so a denial cannot be misheard as an assertion. þu · brygge · ne-kalm-en · ke? — “Did you not build the bridge?”

Three registers share one grammar. Informal (hearnd-tal) drops case endings in everyday speech. Formal (raad-tal) uses full case marking and the long pronouns. Binding (mont-tal) lengthens the first vowel of the head word, and appends -ha to the verb; a binding statement must be both spoken and entered in the record.

Compounds are head-final and limited to three roots; beyond three, a new root is coined instead. A proposed root enters the lexicon once its definition, its spelling and its pronunciation are recorded together.

The standard verse form is the karnvers: three lines of eight beats, the second line answering the first, the third stating the cost or consequence. Rhyme is not used; the first and last words of the poem share an initial letter.